WHEEL
Dutch "kring" and Old Norse "kringr" meaning "circle" prove that the initial K was dropped in this word later on and formed a usual Germanic "ring".
Treating Romanian "crâng (krâng)" as a loan word from Slavic is mostly illogical. None of the surrounding Slavic languages have the nasal "an" after kr (krȗg, kruh, krǎg, krǫgŭ), except for Old Polish in the years 1400-1600 CE. If it is a borrowing from the times of Old Church Slavonic then it denies the whole theory that "ѫ" was indeed a nasal o ("ǫ"). If it indeed is a Slavic borrowing and not Dacian or Thracian in origin then it would mean that "ѫ" had a value of nasal "ą" (which would perfectly explain modern day Bulgarian кръг krǎg) or that Slavic people came from the territory of modern day Poland towards the South of Europe.
KOL-
Ancient Greek: κῶλον (kôlon) ("part of something, member")
Greek: κώλος (kolos) ("hole")
Latin: colus (kolus) ("spinning, spun thread")
Old Church Slavonic: коло (kolo)
Old East Slavic: коло (kolo)
Macedonian: ко́ло (kólo)
Serbo-Croatian: ко̏ло, kȍlo
Slovene: kolọ̑
Czech: kolo
Polish: koło
Belarusian: ко́ла (kóla)
Bulgarian: ко́лело (kólelo)
Russian: ко́ло (kólo), колесо́ (kolesó)
Ukrainian: ко́ло (kólo), ко́лесо (kóleso)
Slovak: kolo, koleso
Upper Sorbian: koło, koleso
Lower Sorbian: koło, kólaso
Russian: кольцо́ (kolʹcó) ("ring")
KOR-
---> Hungarian: köröcske (koročke) ("small circle")
HOL-
KOL --> HOL
Old Norse: hjól
Icelandic: hjól
Faroese: hjól
Westrobothnian: hiol
KO-
Tocharian B: kokale
Latgalian: koklys ("neck")
Ancient Greek: κορωνός (korōnós) ("curved, crooked")
KAL-
---> Võro: kaal ("neck")
---> Finnish: kaula ("neck")
---> Estonian: kael ("neck")
Baluchi: چلہ (kalla) ("ring")
Urdu: چھلا (khallā) ("ring")
Latin: callis (kallis) ("path, track")
Aromanian: cali
Asturian: calle, caye, cai
---> Basque: kale
Catalan: call
Dalmatian: cale
Istriot: cal
Italian: calle
Romanian: cale
Spanish: calle
Venetian: cale, całe, cal
Belarusian: кальцо́ (kalʹcó) ("ring")
KAR-
---> Hungarian: karika ("ring, circle")
HAL-
Albanian: hallkë ("ring")
KAK-
---> Northern Karelian: kakla ("neck")
---> Southern Karelian: kagla ("neck")
---> Livonian: kaggõl ("neck")
---> Veps: kagl ("neck")
---> Votic: kagla ("neck")
Latvian: kakls ("neck")
Lithuanian: kãklas ("neck")
CAK- CAH-
Sanskrit: चक्र (cakrá)
Hindi: चक्र (cakra)
Pali: cakka
Urdu: چکر (cakra)
Avestan: cahra
Manichaean: chr /čahr/
Old Armenian: ճախր (čahr) ("turn, wheeling around")
Book Pahlavi: cʾhlk' /čahrag/
Middle Persian: čahr ("circle")
Persian: چرخ (čarh)
KUL-
Lower Sorbian: kulaty ("round")
Czech: kulatý ("round")
Polish: kółko (kulko) ("small circle")
KUR
Uyghur: كۇرۇژوك (kuruzhok) ("group of people")
Hittite: hurki-, hurkis (ḫūrkis)
KUK-
Tocharian A: kukäl (kukel)
Mycenean Greek: ku-ke-re-u
Ancient Greek: κύκλος (kúklos) ("cycle, wheel, circle, ring, any circular object, a crowd of people, marketplace, circular movement, sphere, globe")
Greek: κύκλος (kýklos) ("circle")
HU-
KU --> HU
Old English: hweogl, hweogol, hweohl, hweowl, hweowol, hwēol
Middle English: qweel (kueel)
Scots: quhel, quhele, quheil, quheile, wheel (kukel, kukele, kukeil, kukeile, ukeel)
Old Frisian: hwēl, fiāl, tziāl
Old Saxon: hwiol
Old Norse: hvél
Icelandic: hvel
Faroese: hvæl
Norwegian: hjul
Norn: hurl
Old Swedish: hiūl, hiughl
Swedish: hjul
Danish: hjul
Elfdalian: juol
Westrobothnian: hjul, hvel
KEL-
---> Estonian: kael ("neck")
---> Finnish: kela ("reel, coil")
Old Prussian: kelan
Old High German: kela ("throat")
Old Dutch: kela ("throat")
Middle Dutch : kele ("throat")
Dutch keela ("throat")
Breton: kelc'h ("circle")
Lithuanian: kelionė ("journey, trip")
Latvian: ceļojums ("journey, trip")
Latin: celer (keler) ("swift, fast")
Ancient Greek: κέλλω (kéllō) ("to drive on, to run a ship to land, put a ship to shore")
KER-
Romanian: cerc (kerk) ("circle")
WEL-
Middle English: whel, whele
English: wheel
North Frisian: weyel, weel
Saterland Frisian: Wäil
Middle Low German: wēl, wiel
German Low German: Weel
Middle Dutch: wiel, weel
Dutch: wiel
Afrikaans: wiel
Old Frisian: wēl
West Frisian: wiele
German: Wiele (in combination: Wielstein, Wieltrosz, Wielesche)
West Frisian: fjil, tsjil, tsjel
KRU-
Serbo-Croatian: кру̑г krȗg ("ring, circle")
Slovak: krúžok ("ring, circle")
Slovak: okrúhly ("round")
East Slavic: кругъ (krugŭ) ("circle")
Russian: круг (krug) ("circle")
Belarusian: круг (kruh) ("circle")
Belarusian: кру́глы (krúhly) ("round")
Ukrainian: круг (kruh) ("circle")
Old Czech: kruh ("circle")
Czech: kruh ("circle")
Upper Sorbian: kruh ("circle")
Macedonian: кружен (krúžen), округол (ókrugol) ("round")
Russian: кру́глый (krúglyj), окру́глый (okrúglyj) ("round")
Ukrainian: круглий (krúhlyj) ("round")
Irish: cruinn ("round")
Welsh: crwn ("round")
KRA-
Bulgarian: кръг (krǎg) ("circle")
Bulgarian: кръгъл (krǎ̀gǎl) ("round")
Macedonian: краг (krag), круг (krug) ("circle")
Old Polish: krąg (krang) ("circle")
Romanian: crâng (krâng) ("grove, thicket")
RAN-
Luxembourgish: Rank ("ring")
Old French: harangue ("ring")
French: harangue ("ring")
KRONG-
Slovene: krọ̑g ("circle")
Slovene: okrogel ("round")
Czech: kroužek ("ring")
Polish: krąg (krong) ("circle")
Polish: krągły, okrągły ("round")
Old Church Slavonic: крѫгъ (krǫgŭ = krongŭ) ("circle")
RONG-
---> Estonian: rõngas ("ring, loop, hoop")
---> Votic: rõngaz ("ring")
KRE-
Luxembourgish: Krees ("circle")
Rhine Franconian: Krääs ("circle")
German: Kreis ("circle")
Breton: krenn ("round")
Cornish: krenn ("round")
Polish: kręg (kreng) ("circle; group of people")
Umbrian: krenkatrum ("circle")
RENG-
Because a ring is worn on hand it might have come from a Polish word "ręka (renka)" meaning "hand" with a Corded Ware masculine ending of "-az".
None of the Germanic languages preserve the nasal "ę" = "en" which is kept in those Finnic languages.
Umbrian "krenkatrum" proves my theory of initial nasal "ę" in this word.
---> Ingrian: renkas ("ring")
---> Northern Karelian: renkas ("ring")
---> Southern Karelian: rengas ("ring")
---> Livvi: rengas ("ring")
---> Finnish: rengas ("ring, loop, hoop")
---> Finnish: rengas ("group of people")
---> Ludian: rengaz ("ring")
---> Veps: rengaz ("ring")
Occitan: arengua ("ring")
Spanish: arenga ("ring")
Portuguese: arenga ("ring")
Middle Latin: harenga ("ring") (?karenga)
There is also a possibility that "en" transformed to "in" as shown below.
KRI-
Umbrian: cringatro ("circle")
Old Norse: kringr ("circle")
Faroese: kringur ("circle")
Middle Dutch: kring ("circle")
Dutch: kring ("circle")
Low German: Kring ("circle")
Middle High German: kring ("circle")
Limburgish: krink ("circle")
HRI-
Old English: hring, hrincg ("ring")
Old Saxon: hring ("ring")
Old Norse: hringr ("ring")
Icelandic: hringur ("ring")
RIN-
Middle English: ring, rink, renk ("ring")
Scots: ring ("ring")
English: ring, rink ("ring")
Old Frisian: hring ("ring")
North Frisian: Ring, Rink ("ring")
Saterland Frisian: Ring ("ring")
West Frisian: ring ("ring")
Middle Low German: ring ("ring")
Low German: rink ("ring")
Plautdietsch: Rinkj ("ring")
Old Dutch: ring, rinc ("ring")
Middle Dutch: ring, rinc ("ring")
Dutch: ring ("ring")
Afrikaans: ring ("ring")
Old High German: ring ("ring")
German: Ring ("ring")
Faroese: ringur ("ring")
Norn: ring ("ring")
Norwegian: ring ("ring")
Old Swedish: ringer ("ring")
Swedish: ring ("ring")
Old Danish: ring ("ring")
Danish: ring ("ring")
Elfdalian: ringg ("ring")
Gutnish: ringg ("ring")
Latvian: riņķis ("circle")
Old Italian: aringo, arringo ("ring")
Italian: aringa, arringa ("ring")
KI-
Phrygian: κίκλην (kiklen)
Old Irish: circul ("circle")
Irish: ciorcal ("circle")
Manx: kiarkyl ("circle")
Manx: kiarkyl ("ring")
Ukrainian: кільце́ (kilʹcé) ("ring")
Zazaki: kılor ("circle")
RAT- RAD-
---> Karelian: ratas
---> Finnish: ratas ("cogwheel")
---> Finnish: ratti ("steering wheel")
---> Estonian: ratas
Sanskrit: रथ (ratha) ("chariot")
Lithuanian: ratas ("wheel, ring, circle")
Latvian: rats
Old Saxon: rath
Middle Low German: rat
Swedish: ratt
Finnish: ratti
Norwegian: ratt
Danish: rat
Elfdalian: ratt
Middle Dutch: rat, rad
Middle High German: rat
Plautdietsch: Raut
Dutch: rad
Limburgish: raad
Old High German: rad
German: Rad
Esperanto: rado
Luxembourgish: Rad
ROT- ROD-
---> Basque: errota
Latin: rota
Albanian: rrotë
Aromanian: aroatã, roatã
Italian: ruota
Maltese: rota
Neapolitan: rota
Sicilian: rota
English: rota, rotate
Dutch: roteren
Catalan: roda
Galician: roda
Occitan: ròda, arròda
Portuguese: roda
Romansch: roda, rouda
Sardinian: roda, arroda, rota, orroda
Venetian: roda, rua
RO-
Franco-Provençal: roua
French: roue
Romanian: roată
Walloon: rowe
RE-
Old Frisian: reth
West Frisian: rêd
Albanian: rreth ("hoop, circle, wheel rim")
RU-
Asturian: rueda
Friulian: ruede
Istriot: rùda
Spanish: rueda
Article published on the 30th of October 2018. The theories above are the sole ideas of the Indo-European Connection. On 6th of September 2022 I removed the Hittite word "ḫalii̯a" because it does not mean wheel at all but "kneel", I do not know who forged it.