MILK
Sanskrit "पयस् (páyas)" meaning both "any fluid or juice" and "milk" could be a cognate to Belarusian "паі́ць (paícʹ)" meaning "to give someone something to drink". Ancient Greek "πόσις (pósis)" meant both "the act of drinking" and "drink, beverage".
Lithuanian "pienas" and Latvian "piens" could then be cognates to this Sanskrit word or it could come from a Finno-Ugric language like Estonian "piim". Maybe an Old Church Slavonic "пѣна (pěna)" could give a true explanation of that Baltic word as a "foam". Belarusian and Serbo-Croatian both call it "pjena" and Sanskrit "फेन (phéna)" means exactly the same.
MEL-
---> Inari Sami: mielkki
---> Northern Sami: mielki
---> Skolt Sami: mieˊlǩǩ
---> Southern Sami: mielhkie
---> Ume Sami: meälkkie
---> Pite Sami: mällke
---> Lule Sami: mielkke
---> Northern Sami: mielki
Lithuanian: melžti ("to milk") (This could come from a noun "melg")
Middle Irish: melg
Albanian: mjel ("to milk")
Old Frisian: melok
Middle English: melk
Scots: melk
Middle Low German: melik, melk
Low German: melk
Middle Dutch: melc
Dutch: melk
Afrikaans: melk
Norwegian: melk
Old Danish: miælk, mælk
Danish: mælk
Luxembourgish: Mëllech
Old English: meoluc, meolc
Scanian: mjælk
Ancient Greek: ἀμέλγω (amélgō)
MLE-
Old Church Slavonic: млѣко ⰿⰾⱑⰽⱁ (mlěko)
Macedonian: мле́ко (mléko)
Serbo-Croatian: мле́ко, млије́ко, мли́ко, mléko, mlijéko, mlíko
Slovene: mlẹ́ko
Czech: mléko
Kashubian: mlékò
Polish: mleko
Slovak: mlieko
MUL-
Middle English: mulc
Latin: mulgeo ("I milk")
Aromanian: mulgu, muldziri ("I milk")
Romanian: mulge, mulgere ("I milk")
Romansch: mulscher ("I milk")
Sardinian: múlghere, mulli, múlliri ("I milk")
Spanish: mulger ("I milk")
MOL-
Old English: meoluc, meolc
North Frisian: molke
Saterland Frisian: Molk
West Frisian: molke
Old East Slavic: молоко (moloko)
Russian: молоко́ (molokó)
Rusyn: моло́ко (molóko)
Ukrainian: молоко́ (molokó)
Old Norse: mjǫlk
Icelandic: mjólk
Faroese: mjólk
Norwegian: mjølk
Old Swedish: miolk, miølk
Swedish: mjölk
Westrobothnian: mjołk
Gutnish: mjölk
Old Danish: miølk
Elfdalian: mjok
Friulian: molzi, molgi ("I milk")
Occitan: mólzer ("I milk")
Old French: moldre, molgier ("I milk")
Venetian: molder, mólzer, mólzar ("I milk")
MLO-
Polabian: mlåkă ("of a milk")
Slovincian: mlȯ́u̯ko
Lower Sorbian: mloko
Upper Sorbian: mloko
MAL-
Tocharian B: malkwer
Tocharian B: mālkant ("to milk")
Belarusian: малако́ (malakó)
Plautdietsch: Malkj
Old Danish: mialk, miælk, mælk
Scanian: mjælk
Gutnish: mjalk, mjälk
Latvian: malks ("sip, nip, swig")
Persian: مالیدن (mālīdan) ("to rub, to massage, to smear")
MAR-
Sanskrit: मर्जति (márjati) ("wipes, cleans")
Avestan: marəzaiti ("grazes, touches")
Middle Persian: muštan, māl- ("rub, sweep")
ML-
Molise Croatian: mbliko
Bulgarian: мля́ко (mljáko)
Polabian Drevani: mlanka
BL-
Middle Irish: bligim ("I milk")
MIL-
---> Japanese: ミルク (miruku)
Gothic: 𐌼𐌹𐌻𐌿𐌺𐍃 (miluks)
Old Saxon: miluk
Old Dutch: miluk, miloch
Old High German: miluh
Middle High German: milich, milch
German: Milch
Mòcheno: milch
Vilamovian: myłich
Tok Pisin: milis
Old English: meoluc, meolc, milc
Middle English: milk
Scots: milk
English: milk
Scanian: milk
MUN-
Catalan: munyir ("I milk")
Italian: mungere ("I milk")
Portuguese: mungir ("I milk")
Romansch: munscher, mundscher ("I milk")
MO-
Franco-Provençal: mouedre ("I milk")
Galician: moncer, muxir ("I milk")
Venetian: mónzer, mónxer, mónzar ("I milk")
MU-
Sardinian: múgghere, mugi, múrgere ("I milk")
Spanish: muir ("I milk")
ARME-
Greek: αρμέγω (armégo)
P-
Sanskrit: पयस् (páyas) ("any fluid or juice, milk, water or rain")
Avestan: paiiah, paēman
Middle Persian: pēm ("milk")
Lithuanian: pienas
Latvian: piens
Samogitian: pėins
Persian: پینو (pīnū) ("butter-milk")
Samogitian: pyti ("to start to give milk")
Non Indo-European languages:
Aguaruna (in Peru): munȼu
Cheyenne (North America): matana ("breast, milk")
Finnish: maito
Veps: maid
Yupik (Alaska, Russia): muluk'uuq
Estonian: piim
Votic: piimä ("buttermilk")
Article published on the 30th of October 2018.