GOLD

A word for "gold" stays in a straight connection to the Indo-European word for the color "yellow" and "bile", which is produced by the liver.

Large quantities of gold and carefully worked artifacts in archaeological sites indicate honor, wealth and status of the buried person.

Gold leaf is sometimes used in art in a "raw" state, without a gilding process. In cultures including the European Bronze Age it was used to wrap objects such as bullae simply by folding it tightly over, and the Classical group of gold lunulae are so thin, especially in the centre, that they might be classified as a gold leaf.

Gold in Old Norse is considered red "raudr".

Gullinbursti meaning "Gold Mane" or "Golden Bristles" is a boar of Frey in Norse mythology.

GOL-

---> Northern Sami: golli

Old English: gold

Middle English: gold

Scots: goold

English: gold

Old Frisian: gold

Old Saxon: gold

Old High German: gold

German Low German: Gold

German: Gold

Luxembourgish: Gold

Limburgish: góldj

Middle Low German: golt

Plautdietsch: Golt

Old Dutch: golt

Middle Dutch: golt

Middle High German: golt

Crimean Gothic: goltz

Old Norse: goll

Westrobothnian: goḷa ("yellow")

Old Swedish: gol ("yellow")

Swedish: gål ("yellow")

GOU-

Saterland Frisian: Gould

West Frisian: goud

Dutch: goud

Afrikaans: goud

Old Frisian: goud

Scots: gowd

Middle Dutch: gout

ZOL-

Belarusian: зо́лата (zólata)

Russian: зо́лото (zóloto)

Ukrainian: зо́лото (zóloto)

Russian: жёлтый (žóltyj) ("yellow")

Macedonian: жолт (žolt) ("yellow")

Slovene: žȏłt ("yellow")

Kashubian: żôłti ("yellow")

Old Polish: żołty ("yellow")

Lower Sorbian: žołty ("yellow")

Upper Sorbian: žołty ("yellow")

Macedonian: жолчка (žólčka) ("yellow bile")

Slovene: žolč ("yellow bile")

Lower Sorbian: žołc ("yellow bile")

Late Latin: solidus ("a gold coin of the Roman Empire") ---> notice S to G "?golidus"

ZO-

Belarusian: жо́ўты (žóŭty) ("yellow")

Rusyn: жо́втый (žóvtŷj) ("yellow")

Ukrainian: жо́втий (žóvtyj) ("yellow")

Belarusian: жоўць (žoŭcʹ) ("yellow bile")

Ukrainian: жовч (žovč) ("yellow bile")

HOL-

Bengali: হলদে (hôlde)

Latin: holus ("green things, greens, vegetables")

KOL-

---> Estonian: kollane ("yellow")

Ancient Greek: χολή (kholḗ) ("yellow bile")

Greek: χολή (cholí) ("yellow bile")

GUL-

---> Southern Sami: gullie

---> Finnish: kulta

---> Estonian: kuld

---> Võro: kuld

---> Livvi: kultasen

Old Norse: gull

Icelandic: gull

Faroese: gull

Norwegian: gull

Old Swedish: gull

Swedish: gull, guld

Danish: guld

Gutnish: gull

Westrobothnian: gull

Gothic: 𐌲𐌿𐌻𐌸 (gulþ)

Vilamovian: gułd

Old Norse: gulr ("yellow")

Icelandic: gulur ("yellow")

Faroese: gulur ("yellow")

Norwegian Bokmål: gul ("yellow")

Norwegian Nynorsk: gul ("yellow")

Old Swedish: gul ("yellow")

Swedish: gul ("yellow")

Westrobothnian: guḷ ("yellow")

Old Danish: guul ("yellow")

Danish: gul ("yellow")

ZU-

Latvian: žults ("yellow bile")

Lithuanian: tulžis (most probably an anagram of žultis) ("yellow bile")

Serbo-Croatian: жу̑т žȗt ("yellow")

Serbo-Croatian: жуч žuč ("yellow bile")

Polish: żółty ("yellow")

Polish: żółć ("yellow bile")

Silesian: żółty ("yellow")

ZL-

Old Church Slavonic: жлътъ (žlŭtŭ) ("yellow")

Slovak: žltý ("yellow")

Slovak: žlč ("yellow bile")

Czech: žlutý ("yellow")

Czech: žluč ("yellow bile")

KEL-

---> Estonian: kelt

---> Finnish: keltainen

Old High German: kelt ("That which is paid out, reward, gift, money")

GEL-

Samogitian: geltuona ("yellow")

Lithuanian: geltonas ("yellow")

Albanian: gjelbër ("yellow")

Old Saxon: gelo, gelu ("yellow")

Westmünsterländisch: geel, gell, gääl ("yellow")

Middle Dutch: ghelu, gele ("yellow")

Dutch: geluw, geel ("yellow")

Old High German: gelo ("yellow")

Middle High German: gël ("yellow")

German: gelb, gel, gehl ("yellow")

Hunsrik: gelleb ("yellow")

Pennsylvania German: gehl ("yellow")

West Frisian: giel ("yellow")

Middle Low German: gēl ("yellow")

Hamburgisch: geel ("yellow")

Old English: ġeolu ("yellow")

Old English: geld, ġield, gyld, ġild ("That which is paid out, reward, gift, money")

Middle English: geld, ȝeld ("That which is paid out, reward, gift, money")

English: geld ("That which is paid out, reward, gift, money")

Middle Latin: geldum "That which is paid out, reward, gift, money")

Old Frisian: geld, ield, jeld ("That which is paid out, reward, gift, money")

Old Saxon: geld ("That which is paid out, reward, gift, money")

Middle Low German: gelt ("That which is paid out, reward, gift, money")

German Low German: Geld ("That which is paid out, reward, gift, money")

Old Dutch: geld ("That which is paid out, reward, gift, money")

Dutch: geld ("That which is paid out, reward, gift, money")

Old High German: gelt ("That which is paid out, reward, gift, money")

Middle High German: gelt ("That which is paid out, reward, gift, money")

German: Geld ("That which is paid out, reward, gift, money")

Hunsrik: Geld ("That which is paid out, reward, gift, money")

Luxembourgish: Geld ("That which is paid out, reward, gift, money")

Vilamovian: giełd ("That which is paid out, reward, gift, money")

English: gelt ("That which is paid out, reward, gift, money")

Swedish: gäld ("That which is paid out, reward, gift, money")

Danish: gæld ("That which is paid out, reward, gift, money")

Old Gutnish: gield ("That which is paid out, reward, gift, money")

Westrobothnian: gäll ("That which is paid out, reward, gift, money")

Middle Dutch: ghelt, gheld ("That which is paid out, reward, gift, money")

Norwegian: gjeld ("That which is paid out, reward, gift, money")

Old Swedish: giæld ("That which is paid out, reward, gift, money")

Old English: ġealla ("gall, yellow bile")

IEL- YEL-

Middle English: ȝelwe, ȝalow, yelow ("yellow")

English: yellow; yeller, yallow, yaller, yullow (dialectal) ("yellow")

Scots: yella, yelly, yallow ("yellow")

Saterland Frisian: jeel ("yellow")

Plautdietsch: jäl ("yellow")

Scots: ȝeld, ȝeild ("That which is paid out, reward, gift, money")

Plautdietsch: Jelt ("That which is paid out, reward, gift, money")

Central Franconian: Jeld ("That which is paid out, reward, gift, money")

English: yield ("That which is paid out, reward, gift, money")

ZER- ZEL-

Kurdish: zêrr

Kurdish: zer, زه‌رد‎‎ (zerd) ("yellow")

Zazaki: zerd ("yellow")

Ossetian: сыгъзӕрин (sygzærin)

Latvian: zelts

Latvian: dzeltens ("yellow")

Lithuanian: želtas ("golden, blond")

Jatvingian: zełd ("yellow")

Old Prussian: sealtmeno ("oriole, yellow bird")

Russian: желчь (želčʹ), жёлчь (žolčʹ) ("yellow bile")

HEL-

Old Latin: helus ("green things, greens, vegetables")

Latin: helvus ("honey-yellow")

KLO-

Ancient Greek: χλωρός (khlōrós) ("yellow, green", to English as "chlorophyll")

ZLO-

Kashubian: złoto

Polish: złoto

Lower Sorbian: złoto

Upper Sorbian: złoto

ZLA-

Old Church Slavonic: злато (zlato)

Bulgarian: злато́ (zlató)

Russian: зла́то (zláto)

Macedonian: злато́ (zlató)

Serbo-Croatian: зла̑то, zlȃto

Slovene: zlatọ̑

Czech: zlato

Slovak: zlato

Polabian Drevani: zlada

Bulgarian: жлъчка (žlǎčka), жлъч (žlǎč) ("yellow bile")

FLA-

Latin: flavus ("yellow, golden, blond, flaxen")

GLA-

Breton: glas ("green, blue")

Cornish: glas ("green, blue")

Welsh: glas ("green, blue")

Old Irish: glas ("green, blue")

Irish: glas ("green, blue")

Manx: glass ("green, blue")

Scottish Gaelic: glas ("green, blue")

GAL-

Middle English: gall ("yellow bile")

English: gall ("yellow bile")

Saterland Frisian: Galle ("yellow bile")

West Frisian: galle ("yellow bile")

Old Saxon: galla ("yellow bile")

Middle Low German: galle ("yellow bile")

Low German: galle ("yellow bile")

Old Dutch: galla ("yellow bile")

Middle Dutch: gale ("yellow bile")

Dutch: gal ("yellow bile")

Old High German: galla ("yellow bile")

Middle High German: galle ("yellow bile")

German: Galle ("yellow bile")

Luxembourgish: Gal ("yellow bile")

Old Norse: gall ("yellow bile")

Icelandic: gall ("yellow bile")

Faroese: gall ("yellow bile")

Norwegian: galle ("yellow bile")

Old Swedish: galle ("yellow bile")

Swedish: galle, galla ("yellow bile")

Old Danish: gallæ ("yellow bile")

Danish: galde ("yellow bile")

Latin: galbus ("yellow")

Aromanian: galbin ("yellow")

Romanian: galben ("yellow")

Italian: giallo ("yellow")

Sicilian: giallu, giarnu, giannu, giàlinu ("yellow")

Old Danish: giald ("That which is paid out, reward, gift, money")

Old Norse: gjald ("That which is paid out, reward, gift, money")

Icelandic: gjald ("That which is paid out, reward, gift, money")

Faroese: gjald ("That which is paid out, reward, gift, money")

Vilamovian: gaoł ("yellow")

ZAL-

Bulgarian: жълт (žǎlt) ("yellow")

Old French: jalne ("yellow")

French: jaune ("yellow")

Friulian: zâl ("yellow")

Istriot: zalo ("yellow")

Venetian: xało, zało ("yellow")

Pashto: zyarr, zyarri (zial, ziali) ("yellow")

Latgalian: dzaltons

Polabian Drevani: szale, žale ("yellow")

ZAR-

Avestan: zāra ("gall", "yellow bile")

Middle Persian: zahrag ("gall", "yellow bile")

Persian: زهره‎ (zahre) له‎ (zahle) ("gall")

Avestan: zairi ("yellow")

Avestan: zarańiia

Persian: زرداب‎‎ (zardâb), زهره‎‎ (zahre), صفرا‎‎ (safrâ) ("yellow bile")

Ossetian: сыгъзӕрин (sygzærin)

Zazaki: zard ("yellow")

HAR-

Sanskrit: हरि (hári) ("yellow, green", "a horse; steed (especially of Indra); a lion; the sun; a ray of light; fire")

ZI-

Old East Slavic: жьлтъ (žĭltŭ) ("yellow")

GI-

Ravensbergisch-Lippisch: gial ("yellow")

Sauerländisch: giäl, geal, gail, gēäl ("yellow")

Gothic: 𐌲𐌹𐌻𐍅𐍃 (gilws) ("yellow")

Gothic: 𐌲𐌹𐌻𐌳 (gild) ("That which is paid out, reward, gift, money")

Middle Latin: gildum ("That which is paid out, reward, gift, money")

JI-

North Frisian: jild ("That which is paid out, reward, gift, money")

Saterland Frisian: Jield, Jäild ("That which is paid out, reward, gift, money")

West Frisian: jild ("That which is paid out, reward, gift, money")

Article created on the 22nd of September 2018.